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Los Angeles Times, August 28, 1978
Scientology Critics Assail Aggressiveness of Church
"If anyone is getting industrious trying to enturbulate (sic) or stop
Scientology or its activities, I can make Captain Bligh look like a
Sunday-school teacher. There is probably no limit on what I would do to
safeguard Man's only road to freedom against persons who ... seek to stop
Scientology or hurt Scientologists." -- L. Ron Hubbard, Aug. 15, 1967
By Robert Rawitch and Robert Gillette
It was not the first time that private investigator Eual R. Harrow had
interviewed jurors following a verdict, but in a 1974 Los Angeles case
involving the Church of Scientology, Harrow said the jurors proved to be
"the most difficult group I have ever encountered."
The case was a civil suit, and the church had hired Harrow to find out why
it had lost. The jury had awarded $300,000 in damages to former
Scientologist L. Gene Allard in his suit in Los Angeles Superior Court
against the church for malicious prosecution.
"Many of the jury, especially the women members, were concerned for their
safety, and felt that the church may try to do something to the members of
the jury," Harrow said in a sworn affidavit. One juror said several of
the others contemplated asking for protection, Harrow said.
"It appeared that all the jurors were somewhat intimidated by the doctrine
of the Church of Scientology," the investigator wrote. "Everyone I
interviewed felt they were now 'fair game.'"
Fair game is the name the church applied to a policy dictum first
expressed by Scientology founder L. Ron Hubbard in 1965, and which he
reaffirmed in a written policy communique to the worldwide church in 1967.
The fair-game policy has been a central focus of Scientology's critics --
among them former Scientologists -- who contend that the church pursues
individuals who offend it with the same combativeness it directs toward
government agencies and private groups the church counts among its
enemies.
In a policy order dated Oct. 18, 1967, concerning a "suppressive person"
(SP) or "enemy" of the church, Hubbard wrote:
"SP Order. Fair Game. May be deprived of property or injured by any
means by any Scientologist without discipline of the Scientologist. May
be tricked, sued or lied to or destroyed."
Spokesmen for the church insist that the intent of the fair-game policy
has been widely misunderstood by outsiders, and that it signified only
that a "suppressive person" could be deprived of the special protections
the church seeks to provide from a hostile society.
Equally misunderstood, the church contends, is a controversial Hubbard
dictum label "R2-45," which the church's enigmatic founder never has
chosen to elaborate. The dictum comes from Hubbard's book "The Creation
of Human Ability" and reads: "R2-45: An enormously effective process for
exteriorization but its use is frowned upon by this society at this time."
Exteriorization, in Scientology terminology, is the ability of the mind,
or "thetan" to physically leave the body.
A number of former Scientologists who are now critics of the church assert
that R2-45 is meant to authorize killing its antagonists with a
.45-calibre pistol.
Church spokesman Jeffrey Dubron, of the principal American Church of
Scientology in Los Angeles, says "it was only a joke."
There is no evidence that R2-45 has ever been carried out, nor is there
any indication Scientologists have ever, as a matter of policy, physically
harmed anyone.
There is, however, abundant evidence that the church has sought -- and to
a significant extent succeeded -- to suppress criticism of Scientology, in
part by simply promulgating policies such as fair game and R2-45 and also
by the church's quickness to file civil and even criminal charges against
its critics.
In a 1955 publication by Hubbard still sold in the church's bookstores, he
said the purpose of a lawsuit against those who make unauthorized use of
Scientology materials "is to harass and discourage rather than to win."
He also said in the same publication, "... We do not want Scientology to
be reported in the press anywhere else than in the religious pages of
newspapers ... Therefore, we should be very alert to sue for slander at
the slightest chance so as to discourage the public presses from
mentioning Scientology."
Eight years later, a five-page policy letter put out by Hubbard entitled
"press policies" suggests "We prefer no press because it slows our word-
of-mouth amongst the people."
As with its war on government agencies that the church perceives as
hostile to it, Scientology's conflict with individual critics are the
business of the church's Guardian Office, a legal, public relations and
intelligence staff represented in each Scientology church in the United
States and other countries.
Directed from the organization's headquarters in Sussex, Eng., the
Guardian Office is a world apart from the thousands of predominantly young
people devoted to the church, and who feel that its form of counseling,
called "auditing," has benefited them.
Indeed, the Guardian Office poses what would seem to be the central
paradox of Scientology: It is a sternly disciplinarian, combative -- and
by the acknowledgement of church officials keenly litigious -- unit of a
religious organization that says it seeks to "increase the spiritual,
cultural, and moral values of man" and to ameliorate the "harsh demands of
a modern society."
According to various sources:
-- A New York federal grand jury is currently trying to determine whether
Scientologists framed Paulette Cooper, the author of a book critical of
the church, by mailing two bomb threats to a Church of Scientology in New
York containing clues pointing to Miss Cooper. A grand jury in 1973
initially charged Miss Cooper with mailing the threatening letters, but
the charges were dismissed by the prosecutor two years later.
-- The FBI in its July, 1977, search of Church of Scientology offices in
Los Angeles and Washington seized documents indicating that two
Scientologists staged a phony hit-and-run automobile accident involving a
pedestrian in an effort to discredit Gabriel Cazares, a former mayor of
Clearwater, Fla., and a vigorous critic of Scientology.
-- The FBI also seized documents indicating unspecified "operations"
planned by the church against Florida journalists critical of Scientology
in 1976. The church was at that time establishing a $2.3 million center
for its elite "Sea Organization" in the Clearwater area.
The FBI also has alleged in an affidavit that one of the 11 Scientologists
indicted by a federal grand jury Aug. 15 on charges of burglarizing
federal offices intended to use fictitious Internal Revenue Service
identification cards in an "operation" against one of the journalists, but
decided instead to use the cards to gain entry to a U.S. Justice
Department office.
In litigating to curb its critics, the Church of Scientology has brought
more than 100 civil lawsuits in the past decade in the United States and
Canada alone -- most of them for libel -- against journalists, publishing
companies, radio and television stations, libraries and outspoken
individuals who criticize the church.
Moreover, on at least four occasions the Church of Scientology or its
members have lodged criminal charges against vocal critics. In each of
the four known instances the charges were dismissed by a local prosecutor
or a judge before the case was presented to a jury.
The doctrinal writings and policy statements produced over the last 14
years by the church's 67-year-old founder, L. Ron Hubbard, have set
Scientology's basic strategy in meeting attacks by government agencies,
private groups and individuals.
Among the earliest such statements is a formal "policy letter" issued on
August 15, 1960, directing his followers to conduct themselves more
forcefully.
"If attacked on some vulnerable point," Hubbard wrote, "always find or
manufacture enough threat against them to cause them to sue for peace."
Six years later another policy directive over Hubbard's name exhorts
Scientologists to investigate "noisily" individuals who attack the church.
"You find out where he or she works or worked, doctor, dentist, friends,
neighbors, anyone and phone 'em up and say, 'I am investigating Mr./Mrs.
... for criminal activities as he/she has been trying to prevent Man's
freedom and is restricting my religious freedom and that of my friends and
children, etc. ...'
"You say now and then, 'I have already got some astounding facts,' etc.
etc. (Use a generality) ... It doesn't matter if you don't get much info.
Just be noisy -- it's very odd at first, but makes fantastic sense and
works."
A subsequent May 30, 1974, confidential Scientology board policy letter
entitled "handling hostile contacts/dead agenting," incorporates part of
the church's earlier policies regarding attacks and specifically
attributes to Hubbard:
"It is my specific intention that by the use of professional PR tactics
any opposition be not only dulled but permanently eradicated. This takes
data and planning before positive action can occur."
At another point in the policy, to counter what Hubbard labeled the "black
propaganda" of others against Scientology, the founder wrote:
"If there will be a long-term threat, you are to immediately evaluate and
originate a black PR campaign to destroy the person's repute and to
discredit them so thoroughly that they will be ostracized."
Scientology spokesman Kenneth Whitman said the 1974 policy had been
rescinded, but church officials declined to produce any written
documentation to that effect.
According to court documents, L. Gene Allard believed that the Church of
Scientology instigated criminal charges against him in 1969 in an effort
to discredit him after he left the church with financial records which he
later turned over to the Internal Revenue Service.
Allard, an artist from Ft. Lauderdale, Fla., who was then 28 years old,
had joined the church in 1969 in Texas. The same year he moved to Los
Angeles, where he signed a symbolic "billion-year" contract of loyalty to
the church and joined Scientology's elite management corps, the Sea
Organization.
Allard held the position of banking officer for the United States "Mother
Church" in Los Angeles until June 8, 1969, when, he said in court
testimony, he fled the church after a superior urged him to alter $1.25
million in receipts so as to make it appear that the money had been
received by a tax-exempt portion of the church rather than a nonexempt
entity.
Soon after Allard fled, church officials called the police and accused him
of stealing the equivalent of $27,713 in Swiss francs, along with
unspecified records, from the church safe. Allard was subsequently
arrested in Florida and jailed for 21 days before the Los Angeles district
attorney's office dismissed grand theft charges against him "in the
interest of justice."
Expanding on the reasons for the dismissal, the prosecutor, in his
recommendation filed in Superior Court, said church officials had been
"evasive" in discussing the allegedly stolen Swiss francs.
Allard did admit taking financial records from the safe that reflected
income and disbursements by the church, but he said he turned those over
to the IRS in Kansas City, which the prosecutor confirmed.
The Los Angeles prosecutor also told the court he found Allard's
contention that the charges were leveled at him by Scientology in an
attempt to discredit him "plausible" and "well founded" because Allard
might someday be a witness for the IRS in a case against the church.
The 1974 trial of Allard's malicious prosecution suit against the church
focused on whether he had been subjected to Scientology's fair-game policy
and the church's contention the policy had been canceled.
Attorneys for the church vigorously argued that the policy was irrelevant
to Allard's suit and, failing that, tried to show that it had not been
applied to Allard.
Introduced into evidence was a policy order signed by Hubbard in 1968
which called a halt to declaring individuals fair game "because it is bad
public relations."
But the same policy stated it "does not cancel any policy on treatment or
handling of any SP (suppressive person)," referring to being "tricked,
sued, or lied to or destroyed."
The jury May 31, 1974, found in favor of Allard and awarded him $50,000
general damages and $250,000 punitive damages.
An appellate court -- which upheld the Superior Court verdict but reduced
the amount of punitive damages assessed against the church to $50,000 --
observed that Superior Judge Parks Stillwell had given the church "almost
the entire trial within which to produce evidence that the fair-game
policy had been repealed." The appellate court said the church had
"failed to do so."
The California Supreme Court refused on July 15, 1976, to review the case.
Allard was last reported by his attorney, W. Marshall Morgan, to be
working as a woodcarver in San Diego County. Efforts by The Times to
reach him for comment were unsuccessful.
In a similar finding, the December, 1971, report of an official British
inquiry into Scientology rejected the church's contention that the fair-
game policy was "just a theoretical sanction."
Sir John Foster, a member of Parliament who presided over the inquiry,
wrote:
"In at least one case which has come to my notice, a defector from
Scientology who had risen through the ranks to a high position in the
organization was declared fair-game over Mr. Hubbard's signature when he
decided to dissociate himself.
"Thereafter, members of the Scientology leadership were found writing to
third parties to say that the defector had been 'excommunicated for theft
and perversion.'
"Another Scientologist, who had sued for the return of his auditing
(counseling) fees, found himself the subject of a private prosecution for
theft by the Scientology leadership. Fortunately for him, he was
acquitted."
The Church of Scientology has since circulated an affidavit bearing
Hubbard's signature that disavows any harmful intent to the fair-game
policy. The March 22, 1976, affidavit, which is not notarized, reads in
part:
"There was never any attempt or intent on my part by the writing of these
policies (or any others for that fact), to authorize illegal or
harassment-type acts against anyone."
However, the inventory the FBI prepared of items it seized from the Church
of Scientology in July, 1977, cites a nine-page document dated Jan. 26,
1976, which, according to the FBI's description, concerns "operations
against enemies 'Sableman, Orsini, and Bob Snyder.'"
Mark Sableman and Bette Orsini are reporters for the St. Petersburg (Fla.)
Times and Clearwater Sun who, in 1976, wrote a series of investigative
stories on Scientology. Bob Snyder was at the time a talk show host on
radio station WDCL in Dunedin, Fla., near Clearwater, where the Church of
Scientology established a major new "advanced training" facility in late
1975.
On his radio show, and on the lecture circuit in the metropolitan Tampa
area, Snyder had been severely critical of the church, depicting
Scientology as an "anti-God" influence that had moved surreptitiously into
the community, misleading businessmen, news media, and local clergy as to
its identity.
The Church of Scientology had established the advanced training center for
its Sea Organization in the locally historic, 272-room Fort Harrison Hotel
in Clearwater -- but did not initially disclose its ownership.
The previous owner, Jack Tar Hotels, Inc., said only that it had sold the
Fort Harrison building for $2.3 million to a company called Southern Land
Development and Leasing Corp., which in turn was to lease the hotel to a
newly formed organization called United Churches of Florida.
Only after the mayor of Clearwater at the time, Gabriel Cazares, pressed
publicly for more information about United Churches -- and asked in
particular why a religious organization would restrict public access to
the old hotel and post Mace-equipped security guards around the clock --
did Scientology church officials in Florida acknowledge that they were
"95% owners" of both Southern Land and United Churches of Florida.
Still later, the officials said the two groups were "wholly-owned
subsidiaries" of the Church of Scientology.
Asked in 1976 to explain why the church had not disclosed its role in the
purchase of the hotel, national spokesman Arthur J. Maren said that,
"Since the idea was to unite religions for community and social
betterment, and not an idea to propagate Scientology, the less mention of
any dominant religion the better."
(The hotel complex and nearby bank building the church purchased for
$500,000 now operate openly under the banner of Scientology.)
In an affidavit the FBI prepared last year in support of a search warrant
prior to seizing papers from the Church of Scientology, the bureau alleged
that two church agents broke into an Internal Revenue Service office in
Washington, in March, 1976, and made IRS credentials in fictitious names.
"These credentials were initially made," the FBI alleged, "for use in a
covert operation involving one Robert Snyder, a newscaster critical of the
church."
Instead of carrying out that operation, the FBI affidavit alleged, the
credentials were used by two Scientologists to gain entry to the U.S.
Courthouse in Washington, where the Justice Department kept files of
government documents withheld from the Church of Scientology, under
exemptions in the Freedom of Information Act.
The FBI identified the Scientologists as Michael J. Meisner, the
Washington church's covert operations chief who became a key government
informant in the case, and Gerald Wolfe of Los Angeles, one of the 11
indicted by a federal grand jury. The FBI said it intercepted Wolfe and
Meisner at the U.S. Courthouse on June 11, 1976.
In February, 1976, after the church threatened to sue the radio station
for Snyder's caustic remarks about Scientology, the small station fired
Snyder, then rehired him a month later to host a noncontroversial music
show.
The same month church officials obtained a criminal complaint for
trespassing against Snyder, alleging that he had driven at a high rate of
speed into the courtyard of a church facility shouting obscenities.
Snyder confirmed that he and his wife had driven onto the premises to
gather information about Scientology, but denied the other accusations.
A city judge dismissed the charges ruling that no "willful trespass" had
been proven.
Mark Sableman, a reporter with the Clearwater Sun who had written stories
critical of Scientology, was the target of an apparent attempt in May,
1976, to discredit him professionally in the eyes of the Florida
Legislature, which Sableman was then covering.
A rough draft of a fictitious news story under his name was circulated
anonymously among legislators alleging that 19 of them were linked to the
Mafia and gambling interests and were involved in bribery, blackmail and
illegal financial transactions.
The Clearwater Sun denied at the time that Sableman was working on any
such story and added in a published disclaimer that two documents
circulated with the fake draft, which the newspaper did not describe, were
apparently obtained by burglarizing the reporter's Tallahassee hotel room.
According to one account, documents seized from the Church of Scientology
in July, 1977, show Scientologists circulated the fictitious news story.
In February, 1976, shortly after the church had bought the Clearwater
Hotel and the city's mayor, among others, had stirred a local furor over
Scientology's role, the Church sued Cazares for $1 million -- alleging
libel, slander and infringement of its members' constitutional right to
freedom of religion.
Cazares and his wife then countersued the church, alleging that a "fact
sheet" on his background that Scientologists had circulated had libeled
him.
(The Cazareses later dropped their suit, they said, in order to
concentrate their resources on defending against the church suit, which a
federal judge in Tampa dismissed last month.
A hearing is yet to be held to determine whether the Church of Scientology
should be compelled to pay the Cazares' legal fees, which his attorney
estimates at between $40,000 and $70,000.)
On March 14 and 15, 1976, Cazares attended a national mayors' conference
in Washington, D.C.
Shortly thereafter, while Cazares was running unsuccessfully for Congress,
an anonymous letter signed only "Sharon T." circulated in Clearwater
alleging that the mayor had been riding in a car in Washington that struck
a pedestrian and that Cazares had failed to report the accident.
Last April, the Washington Post reported that documents the FBI seized
from the church showed that two Scientologists had staged a fake
hit-and-run accident involving Cazares in Washington's Rock Creek Park.
A woman Scientology agent, said to have been driving a car in which
Cazares was riding, reportedly "struck" a second Scientologist posing as
a pedestrian, sped away and urged the mayor not to report the "accident."
The Church of Scientology subsequently subpoenaed the Post reporter and
entered the story into court records as part of a contention that the
government had leaked documents prejudicial to the church.
Cazares, who is now a stockbroker in the Clearwater area, has acknowledged
renting a car and driving it in Washington on March 14, 1976, but has said
he drove alone. Inquiries to the Washington police by Florida news media
at the time the anonymous letter from "Sharon T" circulated, disclosed 19
hit-and-run accidents in the metropolitan area on March 14, none involving
a pedestrian. Although he turned the letter over to the FBI, Cazares
declined to discuss the incident further with The Times.
Spokesmen for the Church of Scientology have denied involvement in any
such episode or in circulating the letter from "Sharon T." One church
spokesman said, "It sounds like the plot of a movie."
In pleadings filed in the Los Angeles federal court, Asst. U. S. Atty.
Raymond Banoun, the prosecutor in the case of 11 church officials indicted
Aug. 15, said earlier this year that federal grand juries in Tampa and New
York are investigating Scientology, but he would comment no further.
The New York grand jury, according to a reliable source, is attempting to
determine whether the church or its officials were involved in framing
freelance author Paulette Cooper on criminal charges lodged against her on
May 17, 1973.
Miss Cooper, who wrote a 1971 book entitled, "The Scandal of Scientology,"
was charged two years later with two counts of mailing bomb threats to a
prominent official of the church in New York and one count of perjury for
denying to a grand jury that she sent the notes.
J. A. Meisler, then a public-relations official in the New York Church of
Scientology, has said in a signed statement that after he received the two
typewritten bomb threats he gave the FBI a list of persons "who might bear
me a grudge or be critical or opposed to" Scientology. Los Angeles church
spokesmen confirmed that her name was one of those given to the FBI.
One of the notes bore a single fingerprint of Miss Cooper, and the wording
of both contains clues pointing to her. One note, for example, refers to
"books closing in on me" -- Miss Cooper has written several other books
and numerous magazine articles -- and also contains the words, "My tongue
is swollen -- I hurt -- my operation."
Miss Cooper had a minor tongue anomaly which she says developed as a
result of childhood malnutrition when she lived in an orphanage. Shortly
before the Church of Scientology reported receiving the notes in late
1972, Miss Cooper also had undergone major surgery for an unrelated
problem and mentioned it in a television interview.
In the months after she was charged with federal offenses relating to the
mailing of the notes, Miss Cooper has said she spent more than $20,000 for
legal fees and an additional $6,000 for psychiatric treatment of severe
mental depression. On one occasion, she has said, she attempted suicide.
In 1975, two years after her indictment, authorities dismissed the charges
against Miss Cooper.
Three weeks ago, Miss Cooper filed a $20 million damage suit against the
church in New York. In the suit, she said that FBI agents advised her in
October of 1977 of evidence that the Church of Scientology "had caused her
stationery to be stolen, had written the two bomb threat letters on it,
had caused them to be sent to it (the church) and had called in the FBI
and blamed her."
In her civil suit, Paulette Cooper refers to a manila folder entitled "PC
Freakout" that was among truckloads of documents the FBI seized from the
Church of Scientology, following a search July 8, 1977.
The only available description of the folder is contained in the FBI's
extensive inventory of materials it seized. The FBI said it contained two
documents that concerned "getting PC incarcerated in a mental institution
or jail."
The FBI has informed Miss Cooper that the initials "PC" refer to her.
The FBI inventory of seized documents contains more than a dozen
references in all to "PC" and "Paulette Cooper," including a three-page
document dated May 18, 1972, discussing "intelligence operations against
Paulette Cooper" and a manila folder with "handwritten notes from P.
Cooper's diary."
In addition to alleging that the church framed her on the criminal
charges, Miss Cooper's suit alleges that the Church also stole her diary;
sent false and malicious, but anonymous letters to acquaintances; made
threatening phone calls to her; stole information about her from the
offices of her lawyer and doctor and mailed it to her and spied on her.
Jonathon Lubell, New York attorney for the church, declined to comment on
the nature of Miss Cooper's suit other than to state he was confident
Scientology would be "vindicated."
Cooper's 1971 book also resulted in a major legal battle with the church,
which filed eight libel suits against her in California, New York and
Canada as well as in Australia and Great Britain, where Miss Cooper says
the book was never distributed.
Tower Publications, Inc., publisher of "The Scandal of Scientology,"
withdrew the book from the market shortly after the suits were filed
against Miss Cooper and the company. Stating that fighting the suits was
not worth the probable cost in legal fees, Tower paid the church $500 in
a 1973 settlement and wrote a brief apology for "any difficulties caused
to the Church of Scientology as a result of any half-truths or
misstatements of fact in the book ..."
On Dec. 5, 1976, five of the lawsuits were settled on the eve of a
Superior Court trial in Los Angeles pertaining to one of them. The church
paid what Miss Cooper's attorney described as a "substantial sum" for her
legal expenses.
She in turn signed a statement that said in part that in the five years
since publication of the book she had learned that a number of passages in
it were "erroneous or at the very least misleading" and agreed not to
discuss the book publicly.
In still another suit, which the church filed against Miss Cooper this
year, it accused her of breaking a clause in the settlement agreement
under which she was to refrain from public discussion of Scientology and
her book.
The church filed the suit after a newspaper story last April described her
conflict with Scientology, although the story said she was traveling in
Europe and could not be reached for comment. Her attorney, in responding
to this suit, said she signed the 1976 agreement "under duress" from the
church and that it was therefore "unlawful and unenforceable."
Jeffrey Dubron, a church spokesman in Los Angeles, characterized Miss
Cooper as "someone who is out for money and found a sensational way to get
it."
"All I'm saying," Dubron said, "is look at her book, look at this (the
15-page statement she signed concerning disputed passages in the book) ...
and then ask us why we sued, and why, when you talk about Paulette
Cooper's credibility, you find we have fairly deaf ears."
Forty miles north of Toronto, in the small community of Sutton, Ontario,
a 55-year-old housewife named Nan McLean has been an equally vocal critic
of Scientology, and her conflicts with the church have been intense.
Mrs. McLean joined Scientology in 1969 and for several years worked full
time at one of the church's counseling "franchises" -- now called missions
-- in Toronto. Before she left in the fall of 1972 she had brought her
husband, two sons, and daughter-in-law into the church.
One son, John, now 26, dropped out of high school in his senior year to
join Scientology and spent nearly two years aboard the church's flagship,
the 3,280-ton yacht Apollo.
But when the McLeans became disenchanted with Scientology and sought
refunds for some of the counseling courses they had taken, conflict
erupted with the church -- and escalated as the McLeans began publicly
criticizing the church in new articles and on radio and television.
In a little more than five years, the Church of Scientology has filed
nearly a dozen lawsuits -- most of them for libel -- against various
members of the family in the United States and Canada, instigated criminal
charges alleging harassing phone calls from the McLeans, and conducted a
mock funeral for the family down the main street of Sutton.
A judge dismissed the criminal charges after testimony that three of the
calls actually were placed by Scientologists to the McLeans.
On April 25, 1974, a Canadian court ordered the church "not to carry on
public demonstrations against" Mrs. McLean, distribute literature
describing her as a "lost soul," or otherwise refer to her previous
association with Scientology.
Mrs. McLean in turn was ordered to cease impugning Scientology on radio
and television until a church suit against her (to reclaim a $1,300 refund
it paid her) is resolved.
Amid these legal battles, two Toronto men were arrested on April 17, 1974,
in what police said was an aborted attempt to break into an attorney's
office. The office was that of Nan McLean's attorney. The following day
a court hearing was scheduled in one of the suits the Church of
Scientology had brought against her.
The two men later pleaded guilty to possession of burglary tools and were
sentenced to two years probation.
Although a police search of their apartment found material on Scientology,
neither man acknowledged affiliation with the church during interviews
with police or with probation officials.
Asst. Crown Atty. Brian McIntyre, in a letter to Mrs. McLean dated Nov. 3,
1975, said a police investigation revealed that both men were members of
the Church of Scientology.
There is no evidence the men were acting at the direction of the church.
ÿ